T4 Headphone Amplifier by ECP Audio - Official Thread

So … the wood arrived from Dsavitsk:

The first thing to do is to mark the mounting holes, using one of the casework sides:


This is necessary for drilling pilot holes. The screws are #4 self-tapping wood screws, but you don’t want those gorgeous wood sides to split when screwing in the screws. Pilot holes are a must.

My first attempt a couple of years ago did not include enough respect for what could happen if not enough planning and caution was used. I thought a small, handheld twist drill would work best. I ended up drilling straight through one of the sides, ruining it. What I needed was a good drill press. I’ve had one for quite a while that I used to drill through aluminum Hammond cases, but it was large, unwieldy and now stuffed into a garage with less than favorable lighting.

What I needed was a very small drill press, but one that was accurate and had great precision. That left out some combo Dremel tool drill press device or a small Harbor Freight tabletop drill press, both of which would be wobbly.

I found this one through Amazon. The same drill press is sold under a different name at Micro-Mark, too. It’s made in Luxembourg and has very little runout with tiny twist drills, especially with the collet chuck:


So after marking the holes, I drill them - ensuring the press is set so that the travel stops well before reaching the outside of the wood.

A closer look - there are three holes required. All three are needed to keep the wood from spinning on the metal plate and to ensure it’s flush along the entire length:


To the right is a case side with the wood screwed in place.

A closer look:

And with all twelve sides (two per amp) completed:


Note that Dsavitsk included some extra pieces of wood!

The next step is to attach all of the wood sides to the six amplifiers nearing completion:


Each side is attached to the interior front plate with a single 82-degree undercut, counter-sunk screw, a black button-head socket screw on the black plate, and two button-head socket screws on the bottom plate. The two remaining brackets on top, along with the brackets on the interior front plate and back plate, form the eight screw positions that attach the lid to the amp.

You might wonder what happened to the power transformers we completed a while back and why I never installed them in the amps. The reason is that that I try to keep all of the wiring leads from the power transformers on the left side, next to the side. I do this in an effort to keep all of the AC current as far away from the rest of the amplifier circuit as possible. It may not make much of a difference, but there’s no reason not to be cautious about it. I read sometimes about DIY-ers installing torroid transformers in giant cases and still having issues with hum. It could be the wiring. So, no reason not to include every precaution.

Anyway, you can’t tell how to scrunch up the wiring until the case side is attached. So, installing the power transformers is next once the case sides are attached. This is fairly simple, due to our previous work with the Molex connectors and the single bolt, washers, and nut:


Above you see the PT, the depressed-center flat washer and two rubber washers, supplied by SumR with the transformers. In addition, you see a single bolt (metric socket), a fender washer, lock washer, and nut, purchased separately by me.

Attachment is pretty simple. Insert the bolt from the bottom, through the fender washer and case bottom plate. Place one rubber washer on the bolt at the inside bottom of the case, and slide the toroid transformer into place over the bolt. Plug in the Molex connectors, ensure the wiring is tucked away at the side, then slide the other rubber washer over the bolt and on top of the transformer, followed by the depressed-center steel washer, lock washer and nut. I tighten down with a Bondhus metric socket head driver on the bottom, while holding the nut with a wrench on the top. I tighten until the lock washer is compressed and my hand/fingers can’t move the Bondhus driver anymore. I do not torque down on the nut with the wrench. I’m afraid that might damage the transformer! So, more than finger tight, but not enough to really torque it.

A view from the top (wrench and Bondhus driver at the right):

And the bottom:


You can clearly see the transformer center bolt and fender washer.

Next up are the primary front plates:


The closest one is turned over so that you can see the circular, masked spots around the XLR openings. Again, these are to continue the consistent ground path throughout all pieces of the casework. Along with two other blind-tapped holes, those holes are used to attach the primary front plate to the interior front plate, already assembled on the amplifier. These primary front plates are massive pieces of laser-cut and machined quarter-inch aluminum, anodized and laser etched.

You’ll see in a later pic that these plates are anodized into a darker finish than the volume knob. That’s OK, because the front plates are brush-finished before anodizing, whereas the volume knob is a smooth, machined finish. The volume knob appears brighter as a result, but the anodizing on the casework is much thicker with the brushed finish. (The anodizing is also thick enough to cut down on errant scratches.) The final effect and feel is quite pleasing.

As mentioned, four screws attach the front plate into position. This also requires some adjustment by feel. Dsavitsk cuts the wood at very high precision. The metal casework is likewise finished. However, there is enough tolerance and play in the various mounting holes and screws that the primary front plate has to be adjusted so that it’s perfectly flush with the sides and bottom plate. That’s another reason for having no less than four screws attaching the primary front plate to the interior front plate.

From the outside:

And inside:


You can see the four attachment screws (4-40 button-head socket screws) that fix the primary front plate - one to the left of the choke, two to the sides of the XLR jack (at the un-anodized circles), and one screw above the Z-switch.

Let’s look at the volume knob next:


The knob is fairly simple, but a massive hunk of machined, solid-billet aluminum and anodized in black.


Another nice touch that Dsavitsk added is that the set screw hole is just about as small as practically possible. It’s a 4-40 set screw, but because of the knob’s great thickness, the set screw can be made long, allowing it to be stable and lock-sure, despite it’s small size. A typical 4-40 black socket head screw is shown for comparison. The smallness of the set screw and hole enhances the great touch and feel of the knob.

Once the knob is attached, we basically have a completed amplifier, except for the top plate:

I still have some work to do on the top plates with the ECP logo badge and mount, but the amplifiers will be completed and tested this weekend.

Speaking of testing, all of the amplifiers are complete enough to begin testing without the lids. First, a basic power check to ensure the leds and tubes light:


Not very apparent in the daylight, but the red LED in the power circuit, the LED used to light up the ECP logo in the top plate (atop the white nylon mount behind the XLR jack), and the tubes are all lit. :grinning:

Next, we move to my listening table:


After all this work, imagine the satisfaction of knowing everything worked the first time it was plugged in!! YAYYYY!!

The amount of bass coming through those HD800 headphones is unbelievable with Billie Eilish’s Bad Guy! Of course, the high end is there with all the plankton and no harshness. This stage takes a tremendous amount of time, as I switch from music selection to music selection, listening for any abnormalities, but eventually settling in to just listen to the music, and sometimes hours pass by without realizing it.

I’ll have one more post for the case lids, but these six T4 amplifiers are essentially complete!!

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Tom,

Your beginning to end post are wonderful and the best overall set of posts that describe your build process and excellent quality control…nothing here seemed rushed, and we all appreciate your openess and letting us see the process from beginning to end.

If you can would you tell us what you can about the actual circuit and how it works, without spilling any “secrets”??

Alex

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I concur with Alex’s sentiments, watching the build from start to finish has been fascinating.

I look forward to hearing one of these exemplary units some day.

Thanks again for posting the build!

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Outstanding series of posts thank you very much for your efforts.

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Well, that’s a tough question for me, because a lot of the specifics of the circuit are over my head.

Basically, the circuit begins in the traditional manner with the Alps Blue Velvet as the input. From there, the signal is split into its differential components through the long-tail-pair configuration of the tubes. A CCS circuit is used at the tubes to further the power circuit isolation from the signal circuit, as in the traditional parafeed tube design (signal paths and power paths separate and distinct). The parafeed arrangement and capacitor coupling at the the output transformers allows the use of exotic materials and windings with gapless transformers. Hence, the custom-manufactured, low DC-resistance ECP/Lundahl output transformers.

From the output of the tubes at the plates, the differential signal is buffered through a MOSFET solid-state, fully differential circuit. This circuitry and the fully differential configuration in a zero-feedback design is the essence of ECP Audio/Dsavitsk’s DSHA circuitry. IOW, the T4 is a parafeed, tube-hybrid version of an ECP Audio DSHA.

To provide further refinement, the DSHA, fully differential buffer circuit is also connected to the full-voltage power supply through additional CCS circuits. Dsavitsk has worked on and implemented CCS (Constant Current Source) circuits for many years. They have very high PSRR (Power Supply Rejection Ratios).

Why the fully differential circuit when the outputs are single-ended? It’s commonly thought that fully-differential amplfiers (as opposed to “balanced,” which invites an amplifier semantic debate) were initially used with headphones - by Tyll Hertsens right here at Headroom - to increase the voltage swing and slew rate, mainly for 300 ohm Sennheisers using low-voltage solid-state amps. I think Headroom’s own tutorial on differential amplifier operation highlighted those features.

However, Dsavitsk discovered that there’s perhaps an even more important result of a differential circuit: common mode distortion cancellation. This, along with a zero-feedback design, results in a cleaner, less-harsh output, with superior tonality. His solid-state DSHA design forays were the result. The T4 and the T3 before it, represent the first time that Dsavitsk applied this design to tube circuits.

From the output of the DSHA solid-state circuit (again, with zero feedback in the amp), the output transformers are connected through the parafeed capacitors - the Audience Auricap XO capacitors, in the case of the T4. The output transformer extra differential legs are all grounded, so that the output at the XLR jack is single-ended.

Grounding the legs at the output transformers may seem like a waste, since the signal is essentially fully differential. However, it’s done more for safety than anything else. A failure or DC saturation anywhere in the output transformers could expose the user and the headphones to 300V. I’ve asked Dsavitsk about this on a number of occasions, but he is too concerned with safety to do otherwise.

A case can be made that through the use of the XLR jack (superior noise rejection and channel separation) and the fully differential circuit within the amplifier (all common mode distortion removed), that the benefits of fully differential output have already been achieved, without the tremendous danger of high voltage that occurs with a failure.

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Last construction post!

As mentioned, I still had the case lids to finish. This only consists of affixing the ECP Audio logo badge. It’s a combination of a clear, Perspex badge holder with an engraved, brass badge. The badge holders are machined in one piece from Front Panel Express. Ten badge holders are machined on a single piece of Perspex, mainly to properly optimize the Front Panel Express pricing schemes. It’s much cheaper to machine 10 parts within 1 part, as opposed to 10 separate parts. So, the Front Panel Express software is used to duplicate 10 parts on a single machined article. This is done by machining gaps between each of the 10 parts, leaving solid pieces at all of the intersections. Here’s a shot of the FPE software with the 10-piece badge holder article:


Dsavitsk prepared this file for me the first time. I made some small changes later on, to allow a better fit within the case lids. The first time I tried cutting these, I ruined several of the pieces because they got scratched up and snapped at certain points during sawing.

Since then, I apply painter’s tape on both sides of the plastic. This protects the finish and also keeps the part more stable as it moves through my scroll saw blade. After cutting the parts out, I remove the tape on the top side and begin fitting them onto the bottom side of the T4 case lids:


These are press fit into the large hole in the case lid, and pressure is applied (sometimes they’re hammered!) until the plastic is completely flush with the backside of the case lid. Then, a permanent application of CA gel is applied on the two sides perpendicular to the long axis of the case lid.

Note the single, anodize-masked bare metal circle under one of the mounting holes on each case lid! This is more assurance that the amplifier grounding continues through all of the casework metal.

Here they are all in place and glued - they’re allowed to sit like this for at least 24 hours:

Once fully cured, the lids are flipped over and brass ECP Audio logo attached into the badge holders:

Properly done, the badge holders are almost completely flush with the case lid top surface. The brass logo badge sits ever so slightly proud above that. The effect under certain light is that the badge is “floating” in the case lid.

The lids are turned over again, and polish/scratch remover applied to the back side, to ensure that the single, clear circle of plastic around the brass logo badge is completely transparent:

Finally(!!!), the case lids are attached to the T4 amplifiers:

This takes some effort. After the initial assembly, the casework sides, front and back are very tight. One has to actually push the case lid from the front so that pressure is applied to the back plate, slightly bowing it out, in order for the case lid to “pinch” itself in behind the front plate. It also takes a bit of popping on the sides, to get the lid to sit within the rabbets cut into the tops of the wood sides. Note that after the amp is assembled this way the first time, the metal loosens up a bit so that it’s not so difficult to remove and re-install the case. It’s still a bit difficult to “pop” the lid out when rolling tubes, though, so a special spudger tool is included in each purchase. This is explained in the T4 Owner’s Manual, but once you remove the eight screws, the spudger tool is used around the tube holes to pop the lid up from this flush fit with the casework.

Speaking of the eight screws, once again - these are the 82 degree undercut counter-sink screws used before, only these have a black finish. The entire assembly achieves a good feel and appearance of flush surfaces overall.

So, here they are - six completed ECP Audio/Beezar T4 headphone amplifiers, ready for shipment:

Many thanks to Dsavitsk of ECP Audio for a wonderful design! Also, thanks to user lost33 (Alex) for providing the review and starting this thread!

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Great to see all the hard work put in coming to fruition. This has been an excellent series of walk throughs.

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Beautiful work indeed.

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Thanks Tom!!

Its a wonderful amp, one of the best I have ever used or heard…they folks that get these are in for a special treat!!

Alex
:>)

Note: I love your “clean” and “organized” workspace…it exudes your work ethics and methods…a perfectionist for sure…

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The attention to detail here is just amazing. Alcohol washing flux off the PCB to avoid problems decades later?? Amazing.

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Some have speculated Tom is going to possibly make some changes in the amp. I emailed him and he told me him and Doug were thinking of some stuff, if they decide to make another batch of T4’s but nothing has been decided at this time. He indicated he thinks he has enough “stuff” to make one more T4.

Maybe Tom will add some comments…

So IMO those folks that got a T4 are indeed fortunate, this is a rare and awesome amp…enjoy the music!

Alex

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A very big thank you to @TomB for this, and the amazing customer service. During the build process, I received no less than 20 pictures showing build status and other updates. Truly a top notch experience, and one I certainly appreciate!

Now I just need to get it hooked up and figure out which tubes I like best with it. That’s going to take a while. :slight_smile:

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AWESOME!!

I hope you really enjoy your T4!!!

Exceptional amp!

Alex

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Some quick initial impressions on the T4. I’ve had it about 24 hours now, so the tubes haven’t even settled in.

The amp came with new production JJ tubes installed. They didn’t last 2 hours before I swapped them out. I might burn these in for a few days (sometime in the future) to see if they change any and settle down in the mids. They seemed a bit harsh in the upper mids, something akin to glare. I swapped these out for some Brimar 6060 Yellow Ts. (A 12AT7WA variant.) These are praised elsewhere for pairing with the T4, and they weren’t all that expensive. Much more agreeable sound. They might be a slightly rolled in the bass, but they have very smooth mids and treble. These also haven’t broken in, so we’ll see what’s what after a while.

Instead of putting unnecessary hours on my Empyrean or Auteur to burn in the tubes, I plug in my 15+ year old HD650s and let it go at slightly louder than normal listening levels. That’s basically my entire burn-in process for anything. It’s not that I don’t care for my HD650s, it’s just that I know they are tanks and will probably last forever.

Anyway, I got up this morning, did my normal routine, went over to a family member’s house to help with things, etc… When I got home, I walked by and heard that Black Sabbath’s “Electric Funeral” was playing.
So, I sat down and put the HD650s on and started listening.

Those early Sabbath, Rolling Stones, Doors, and other albums really don’t stage well on the HD650s. That’s just how they were recorded, and it is what it is. The HD650 is the only headphone I own which I feel really benefits well from a good crossfeed to kill that hard panned kind of recording. So I flipped crossfeed on in Roon, and started playing The Complete Albums 1970-1978 from the beginning. A few moments later something happened that hasn’t for a long long time - the HD650s completely sucked me in.

I started on the first song of the first disk (the song Black Sabbath) and I’m now on disk 4, track 6 (Snowblind). Somewhere around the song Changes, I jolted out of my trance and started writing this. Otherwise, I haven’t moved the entire time.

I think that’s the highest priase anyone can give to a piece of equiment. It enabled an entralling experience, and reawoke my enjoyment for a headphone I’ve become so acustomed to that it had stopped wowing me. Until now.

Anyway, more to come as the journey progresses.

Thanks for reading.

RoonShareImage-637337884814645845

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Awesome!!! Fantastic!!

Enjoy the music!!

Alex

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Isn’t that just the greatest feeling when music pulls you out of what ever you were doing and demands you pay attention. Thats a wonderful magic to experience, Im very glad you are enjoying the T4.

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Yeah, it’s a great feeling. Gets me excited to hear more. :slight_smile:

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“Cocaine” and “icicles in my brain” and usually suck me in and put me in a trance, too. :joy:

Seriously though, I know the feeling. Like a runner’s high. I’m glad you’re enjoying that awesome amp so much!!

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So I’ve been very much so enjoying this amp! @TomB really did an amazing job! This has been everything I’ve wanted it to be! I’ve now moved all my other amps to my audio shelf (except my JotR) and this has become my primary amp! @jb77 Thank you for the tube testing opportunity! Now to see if I can find the Ravenswood lol I think it will make a nice partner to this lol

Also, thank you for the led change @TomB I love it!

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I am the orignal starter of this thread back when i moderated the headphone circle at audiocircle.com. I was reviewing a bunch of head amps and around Christmas of 2019 I got a communication from Tom asking if I was interested in trying a T4 to compare with other amps I had in house back then…the rest is history.

This amp to me is a boutique amp and is really special.

Well built, great design, awesome high quality parts.

Not cheap for sure and many other lesser cost alternatives, but this T4 is really at the pinnacle of IMO what a head amp should be.

2K is a lot to spend on a headphone amp, but it will last you a lifetime.

Very few vendors open the doors and let you in to see the build process, answer questions etc…Tom has done this in this thread. Thats rare in this “protective” industry.

On Toms site the T4 is no longer orderable, but recently I communicated with Tom and they are having some issues with supply chain and some parts and I hope they will be able to work thru this and offer the T4 for more folks in the near future. Fingers Crossed!

So for now you T4 owners enjoy the music, its a superlative amplifier!

Alex

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